detail from: KRK Art dizajn

INTENTIONALLY CHANGED HISTORY

Simo Jelača, Ph.D.

While studying Serbian origins, I found that Western civilizations modified our history. I suspected that they did the same to the Chinese and here is what I found. Everything that follows is written according to the book ''1421 Year China discovered the World”, by Dr. Gavin Menzies

INTRODUCTION

We all learned in school that Columbus discovered America in 1492. A lie. This is history maliciously pushed on us by Western civilizations, which have intended to present themselves as the leaders in the world since their existence. The author of the book "1421 The Year China Discovered the World'' Dr Gavin Menzies presents a series of data according to which the Chinese sailed around the world 70 years before Columbus (Columbus 1451-1506). Dr Gavin Menzies was born in 1937 in China, served as a sailor on a submarine from 1959 to 1970 and studied the discoveries of the world. For the sake of his discoveries, he visited 120 countries, visited over 900 museums and scientific libraries and visited all the ports of the world. Although Chinese sailors oriented themselves using the stars, they drew maps with great precision. Dr Gavin Menzies provided exhaustive data on four Chinese fleets that sailed around the world between 1421 and 1423 and left behind precise data on the Cape of Good Hope, the Atlantic, Antarctica, the Arctic, North and South America, the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand. Also, according to a map by the Venetian cartographer Zuani Picigano from 1424, Patagonia and the Andes were drawn a century before the arrival of Europeans. Antarctica also existed very precisely drawn on maps for four centuries before the arrival of Europeans, and East Africa and Australia existed on maps three centuries before the arrival of Cook, as did Greenland, the Arctic and the Pacific, which were drawn before the arrival of Europeans. In addition to these discoveries, Dr Gavin Menzies also discovered the existence of metals, horticulture, animals and plants, which were transferred around the world. But all traces, records and achievements were deliberately erased from human memory, which were ignored and finally forgotten. Sailing for months on the vast oceans, the sailors of that time must have known the process of desalinization of water, and the cultivation of plants and animals in different countries around the world. According to more recent findings, such knowledge was available at that time only to the Chinese.

During the early years of the fifteenth century, several Chinese fleets undertook very extensive voyages of exploration. The most significant of these were certainly the voyages of 1421-1423, when four fleets set out, and the last surviving ship returned in October 1423. Chinese knowledge in many fields was three, four, and even five centuries ahead of Europeans. Thus: Columbus; de Gama; Magellan and Cook sailed in the footsteps of Chinese navigators and used copies of their maps.

Western schools taught that Vasco da Gama (1469-1525) crossed the Indian Ocean and discovered a trade route to India. Christopher Columbus ((1451-1506) went down in history as the first discoverer of the New World, who sighted the Bahamas on October 12, 1492. Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) followed Columbus's path and is credited with the first passage between the Atlantic and the Pacific, through the passage that now bears his name. However, at that time, only one nation possessed the scientific knowledge, ships, and sailing experience for epochal discoveries. That was China, which discovered the world long before the Europeans. Unfortunately, in the middle of the fifteenth century, all Chinese maps were deliberately destroyed.

Wherever Chinese sailors went, they left their traces in the form of porcelain, pottery, silk, and the flora and fauna of China. In addition, Chinese coins and other indelible traces of their advanced civilization have been found on all continents. Columbus, Magellan, da Gama, Cook and others carried copies of Chinese maps during their voyages, which served as signposts for their "far-flung discoveries of new worlds".

FROM THE TRUE HISTORY OF CHINA

On February 2, 1421, on the Chinese New Year, the then ruler of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Dieu (1360-1424), known as the "God of Heaven", inaugurated the Forbidden City as his capital. The reception was attended by 28 rulers from Asia. Zhu Dieu was the son of Zhu Yuanzang, the first ruler of the Ming Dynasty. Until then, China had been under Mongol control (1279-1352), when Genghis Khan's grandson Kublai Khan ruled. Zhu Yuanzang liberated the city of Nanjing, where his capital was, in 1356, and then moved to Beijing (then called Ta-tu) and declared it the new capital. At the age of 21, Zhu Dieu was a soldier and commanded an army that freed him from the Mongols. He then doubled his navy, which had 3,500 ships. Zhu Dieu then systematically repaired the Great Wall of China, which was then about 5,000 km long, and built another 1,400 km. It is known that Chinese astronomers were already known 2,000 years before Zhu Dieu. They had been recording the appearance of stars since 1300 BC, and they had known about Halley's Comet since 240 BC (which was later named in 1054). Zhu Dieu insisted that his admirals orient themselves by the stars.

Therefore, Dr. Gavin Menzies concludes that the Chinese discovered America before Columbus. The plants and animals of the New World are depicted and described on the Piri Reis map. world. There are descriptions of corn, which the Chinese had not known before. According to this map, the Shetland Islands are very precisely specified. Porcelain from the Ming Dynasty was found there. The Chinese were already sending expeditions to the southern seas in the eighth century and exploring Canopus and the South Pole. Admiral Hong Bao set off from the Falkland Islands in search of food and discovered the strait, which would later be called the Strait of Magellan, in 1519 after the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan. It would be realistic to name the strait "Hong Bao", who was the first to pass through it. Magellan had a map of Piri Reis, so he knew about this passage. The Chinese sailed to Antarctica, wanting to pass under Crucis Alpha, the star above the Southern Cross. At that time, the Chinese already had the position of Canopus and the Southern Cross (52 degrees and 40 minutes), which was a landmark. This is now considered a huge contribution to human history. They were also able to determine the position of the South Magnetic Pole. Piri Reis' map shows Antarctica four hundred years before the Europeans. The remains of one of Hong Bao's ships were found in Australia. Hong Bao and Zou Men traded Chinese silk and porcelain. Therefore, history should be changed, and these sailors should be given their rightful place on the pedestals of great explorers.

The transfer of the capital from Nanjing to Beijing was of great importance to the Ming dynasty. Zhu Dieu appointed Zeng He as the commander of the army. The relocation of the capital began in 1404, when tens of thousands of peasants were forcibly moved to Beijing, and hundreds of thousands of laborers were brought in to work. As the grain growing season was shorter in the Beijing area and yields were lower, Zhu Dieu ordered the expansion of the Grand Canal to transport grain. Construction of the Grand Canal began in 486 BC and is 1,800 km long. Over 300,000 workers worked on the project. The canal from Hangzhou to Beijing was opened to navigation in 1415. When the problem of a shortage of timber for the construction of the Forbidden City arose, the Grand Canal was again used to transport timber, brought from as far as northern Vietnam.

Zeng He sailed with his fleet to East Africa for the first time in 1405, on which occasion he brought giraffes to China, which he presented to Zhu Dieu on November 16, 1416. The Forbidden City was completed as a residence for the ruler in 1417, and in 1420 the Temple of Heaven was completed.

Zhu Dieu encountered considerable opposition to all his projects. The Forbidden City was built by a million workers, with another three and a half million involved in preparation and security. All work was completed in 1420, and the inauguration took place on February 2, 1421, on Chinese New Year. After the inauguration, the Chinese fleet returned all the rulers who attended the celebrations to Hormuz, Aden, Lhasa and Dhofar in Arabia, Mogadishu, Brava, Malindi and Mombasa in Africa, Sri Lanka, Calcutta and Cambay in India, Japan, Vietnam, Java, Sumatra, Malaga and Borneo in South Asia and other cities. Zheng He was rewarded for successfully commanding five fleets, which sailed Asia, India, Africa and the Middle East. Chinese merchant ships sailed mostly to Japan, Korea, Burma, Vietnam and India, all on the orders of Zhi Dieu. In 1407, Zheng He opened a foreign language school in Nanjing and assigned 16 of the school's best students to his ships as translators in the countries of India, Africa, Arabia, Persia, Swahili and others. Zhu Dieu and Zeng He employed foreign cartographers. One of the most famous was the Indonesian Master Bentun. The Chinese spread their fleet all over the world, wherever they reached. They reached Europe shortly after the Roman Empire.

The foreign policy of China at that time was neither occupation nor colonial, but the opening of trade between nations in a peaceful way. In this way, Zhu Dieu won over Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Indonesia and all surrounding countries. He hired 2180 scholars to preserve everything known, so that it would be preserved in written form. And since there were no typewriters at that time, everything was done by hand.

On May 9, 1421, lightning set fire to the Forbidden City. That year, Zhu Dieu temporarily ceded the throne to his son Zhu Gaozi. Then came a disease epidemic, from which 174,000 people died. On August 12, 1424, Zhu Di died suddenly, and his son took the throne and remained on it for only one year, until 1425. After Zhu Gaozi, his son Zhu Zanji came to the throne, who lived and ruled until 1435. The Ming Dynasty continued to rule China until 1644, when the Qing Dynasty took power.

The Chinese fleet carried grain that they grew wherever they stayed. Their ships had a carrying capacity of 2,000 tons. For navigation, their main landmark was the North Star. It is known that the Chinese invented the compass as early as the seventh century AD. Their ships were equipped with gunpowder cannons, since gunpowder was first discovered in China. Zhu Dieu's plan was to bring the entire world under Chinese control. His chief naval commander was Zeng He. Zeng He's fleets sailed in 1405-1407; then 1409-1411; then 1413; 1417-1419 and 1421-1423.

On March 5, 1421, a huge Chinese fleet set sail for the Yellow Sea of China, under the command of Zeng He. The ruler of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Dieu, ordered his admirals Zeng He, Zhou Men, Hong Bao, Zhou Wen, and Yang Qing, to take several thousand sailors (28,000) and set sail with over a hundred ships (107) and to treat the peoples they encountered with friendliness. They first headed south, oriented towards the star Polaris. Every day they recorded positions, coordinates, places visited, islands, bays, and the like. In Chinese geography, positions were not calculated from the equator, but from the North Pole, which was exactly under 90° latitude (altitude) and 90° longitude (longitude). On these voyages they discovered: Africa, India, Australia, Europe, and America. The Chinese fleet made six major voyages under the leadership of admirals: Zeng He; Hong Bao; Zhou Men; Zhou Wen and Yang Qing. Before he finished his voyages in 1431, Admiral Zeng He erected two stone obelisks, with all his voyages inscribed. They sailed over 40,000 miles, and during the voyage they mainly used wind power. It was found that they sailed from the Cape of Good Hope to Cape Verde in 40 days, at an average speed of 4.8 knots. On the map of Piri Reis from 1428, Cape Verde, the Cape of Good Hope, and the Strait of Magellan, which separates Argentina from Tierra del Fuego, were found. This map is a world map, on which the Silk Road is also drawn. Christopher Columbus used this map in 1492. This map was owned by a Spanish sailor who sailed on Columbus' ships. The same map can still be seen today in the Topkapi Saray Museum, above the Bosphorus, in Istanbul. In 1421, when they set out with a huge fleet around the world, they already had 600 years of experience in ocean navigation. Already in the seventh century, they had ships with watertight bulkheads and fire resistance. In those years, 1421-1423, they were prepared against the monsoon rains in the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. They even had historians on board the ships who recorded events. Thus, Ma Huan left a complete document (Comprehensive Survey of the Ocean Coasts), published in 1433. The Chinese carried grains on their ships: wheat, soybeans, millet, corn and rice. They made soy milk from soybeans, and used unhusked rice, which contained vitamin B1 against beriberi. They kept the grains to sprout, at which time they obtained vitamin C from the sprouts against scurvy. They used tofu for vitamin D. To provide meat on ships, they carried pigs and goats and grew green vegetables. They also had enough women (concubines) on ships for the sailors' sexual needs. They did not consider them prostitutes, but women needed for inheritance. According to Ma Huan's records, Zeng He's fleet sailed to Malaga, Malaysia, where they traded porcelain for Indian textiles. From Arab countries, they arrived in Egypt, Persia, and Zanzibar. Zeng He's first fleet in 1405-1407 consisted of 62 ships with 27,800 sailors. On the way to Malaga, they visited Cambodia and Java, then Sri Lanka and Calcutta. The third expedition in 1409-1411, and the next in 1413, sailed from Malaga to Bengal, the Maldives and Africa. They also sailed the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. The expeditions between 1417 and 1419 also visited ports in Africa, Arabia, India and Asia.

DISCOVERIES OF THE NEW WORLD

Three fleets were placed under the command of Hong Bao, Zhou Men and Admiral Zhou Wen. The fourth was under the command of Zeng He, the commander-in-chief of the army. The fleets of Hong Bao and Zhou Men sailed for three weeks from Cape Verde to the coast of Brazil. They called that land Fusang.

Therefore, Dr. Gavin Menzies concludes that the Chinese discovered America before Columbus. The Piri Reis map depicts and describes the plants and animals of the New World. It contains descriptions of corn, which the Chinese had not known before. According to this map, the Shetland Islands are very accurately specified. Porcelain from the Ming dynasty was found there. The Chinese were sending expeditions to the southern seas as early as the eighth century and explored Canopus and the South Pole.

During six voyages to all the world's seas and oceans, under the command of Hong Bao, Zhou Men, Zhou Wen, and Yang Qin, the Mandarin official in the Ministry of War, Lu Daxia, ordered the destruction of all written documents, which destroyed all traces of their travels and discoveries. Upon arriving in India, Zeng He confirmed that India and China had been trading with each other since the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD). A monument in the Celestial Palace shows that Zeng He's ships sailed over 40,000 miles during his six voyages. Mao Kun's diagrams show that the ships rounded the Cape of Good Hope in three weeks in August 1421 and reached Cape Verde. It took Vasco da Gama 33 days to sail the same distance. Zhou Men's fleet sailed along the coast of Brazil, rounded the Falkland Islands, passed through the Strait of Magellan, reached the Shetland Islands, and reached Antarctica. Chinese ships reached South America in 1421, a full century before Magellan, as shown in the Piri Reis maps, which date back four hundred years before Europeans arrived in Antarctica. From the Shetland Islands, they sailed to Australia, where they lost one ship. When it was discovered, it was identified using carbon dating. Hong Bao and Zhao Men achieved their main goal by discovering Canopus and the Southern Cross. In Australia, they encountered Aboriginal people. They reached South Australia two centuries before Abel Tasman (1603-1659), who discovered the island of Tasmania, which now bears his name. Preparing to return, Hong Bao's fleet met with Admiral Zhou Men's fleet, which was sailing around Australia in the southern hemisphere in the opposite direction across the Pacific.

The Chinese are also mentioned as the first explorers of geological deposits. They classified minerals into groups as early as the first century AD. Traces of the Chinese have also been found in the mines of New South Wales, Australia. There they exploited gold, silver, copper, tin and other metals, and most likely uranium, from which a large number of sailors died on ships due to radiation.

The Ming dynasty lasted from 1368 to 1644. Wherever they sailed, they traded in silk and porcelain. Zeng He's fleet also used paraffin to desalinate seawater.

When Magellan passed through the strait, he was greeted by a king and queen dressed in Chinese silk and eating from Chinese porcelain dishes that were over 50 years old. Zou Men had passed through there a century before Magellan. Magellan found, in addition to the silk and porcelain, Chinese coins of Zhu Dieu in the Philippines, which had been brought there by Zou Men's merchants. The Chinese exploratory fleets returned to China in October 1423.

FIRST COLONIES IN AMERICA

Admiral Zhou Men and his fleet sailed into Japanese waters, and then reached the Pacific coast of North America, present-day Canada, the United States, and Panama. It was a 16,000-mile voyage, with an average sailing speed of 4.8 knots. The maps of these voyages were drawn by the German geographer and astronomer Martin Waldsimiller (1470-1518). According to Waldsimiller's maps, Zhao Men's fleet was located in Los Angeles and San Francisco. Chinese medieval porcelain with cobalt and a dark blue glaze was found there. This cobalt came from Persia during the reign of Zi Dia in 1368. His map from 1507 is the first map of America.

According to Waldsimiller's map, Zhao Men's fleet arrived in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Traces of the Chinese were found on the California coast. When the fleet of Zhou Men entered the San Francisco Bay, they continued their voyage up the Sacramento River to the city of Sacramento. Dr John Furey, from the National Museum of Northern California, found the remains of a ship, with an unusual silvery-white metal, which determined the Chinese origin of the remains. It was determined that the metal came from 1410. It was also confirmed that the wood of the ship came from southeastern China. However, the most interesting thing is that rice was found on the ship, which was unknown in America and Africa until then. It was also determined that the Europeans, when they first arrived in America, brought diseases that massively destroyed the Chinese there. A settlement was found with houses built of stone, which Dr. John Freer, professor of Oriental languages at the University of California, Berkeley, confirmed to be of Mongolian construction. There, too, the Chinese married local women and left their descendants. From California, Zhou Men went to Mexico, and then to China. In Mexico, wrecks of Chinese ships have been found between Manzanillo and Acapulco. In Mexico, the Chinese encountered the Maya civilization. Records of Chinese presence among the Maya also come from Guatemala. The Tou Men sailors also interbred with Venezuelan women, and in Peru some spoke only Chinese until the end of the nineteenth century. DNA evidence shows similarities among the peoples of Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and China. Before the arrival of Europeans, the Chinese colonized East Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Americas. The Chinese also encountered the Eskimos and Norwegians along the coast of Siberia.

The fruits of corn, beans, and pumpkins were the main foods of the tribes: Olmec; Maya; Toltec; Inca; and Aztec, which the Chinese brought to the Americas. After this, there was a significant increase in the population of Mexico. Arriving in the regions of Mexico, the Chinese found a civilization almost as old as themselves. The techniques of decoration and the colors used in Mexico and China were very similar. In both countries, black paint is traditional, made from bone ash or corn cob ash. In both countries, ores were separated in the same way. Mirrors also served as a comparison of the populations of Central America and China. The story of the arrival of a ship from Asia in Guadalajara, which was very warmly welcomed by the chief of the Koras tribe of Nayarit, was found in Peru. Chinese figurines Nazca Figurines in bronze, as well as simplified medallions and Chinese jade necklaces. The Chinese influence on coastal America was so great that the entire continent could rightfully be called "Chinese America". The Chinese not only traded with America, they even established their own colonies from California to Peru. More recently, it has been proven that the populations of Mexico; Panama; Colombia; Venezuela and Peru carry Chinese DNA. The Chinese explored the world long before the Europeans, and had colonies in East Africa and Australia, as well as throughout the Pacific coast of America. Therefore, it is time for world history to change fundamentally. It has also been found that the Eskimos; Cossacks and fishermen in Norway have Chinese and Korean DNA. This means that Chinese ships also sailed to Siberia. Dr. Gavin Menzies claims that Europeans and Americans ignored the Chinese and knowingly falsely attributed the discovery of America to Columbus and the discovery of Australia to Cook. It is said that there is information about this in over a thousand books in the world today. This claim is made by Professor George F. Carter. Therefore, the Chinese explored the entire world in 1421-1423.

While the fleets of Zou Men and Hong Bao sailed southwest, from the Caribbean Sea to South Africa, the fleet of Admiral Zou Wen took a northwesterly direction. And when Zou Wen sailed around Cape Verde and sailed towards Fusang. They sailed towards the Caribbean, then north past Florida, until they again took a right turn into the Atlantic, towards the Azures. They also stayed in Cuba for a while. On the way to the island of Bimini, Admiral Zhou Wen lost many ships, and with them thousands of sailors and their concubines, who had to be landed on some islands. Many of these women gave birth after landing in places where they could survive. It was later determined that the population there has DNA of Chinese origin. This population left its stone markers in Massachusetts, in the places of Dayton Rock and Tanton River, similar to the stone markers in Cape Verde, Matadi Falls and Rupuke Beach, New Zealand

EXPEDITION TO THE NORTH POLE

Admiral Zhou Wen's expedition, after passing through the frozen waters of the North Atlantic, split into two groups. One went in the direction of the Azur, and then south to Cape Verde, towards the Indian Ocean. The second squadron sailed from Newfoundland around Greenland. In those years, 1421-1423, the summers were warm, so it was possible to sail around Greenland. It was established that Chinese sailors reached the North Pole, (90 degrees latitude). Among the prominent Chinese sailors in 1422-1423. was Admiral Yang Qing. He sailed in the Indian Ocean, where he traded in spices. He also sailed to the Arab states of the Gulf. He took gold and ivory from them. He returned to China in September 1422. He visited 17 East African countries and India. The Chinese are said to have sailed the Indian Ocean as early as the Tang Dynasty (618-917 AD). When the Portuguese first arrived in East Africa, they found the King and Queen of Zanzibar dressed in Chinese silk and living in stone houses decorated with Chinese porcelain. Three thousand years ago, the Chinese were making bronze and casting metals in molds. During the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC), pottery and terracotta sculptures were developed in China. During the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), wealthy Chinese gilded their porcelain dishes and drank wine from silver-engraved cups. Fruit was served in white jade bowls. Women embroidered their clothes with silk and wore gold and jade ornaments (bracelets, earrings, necklaces). Traces of food preservation and fruit rotation on arable land have also been found as early as 305 BC. The culmination was certainly experienced during the time of Zu Dia, 1421-1423, when the Chinese fleet sailed around the world.

The ships of the Song Dynasty (960-1279) reached Australia and traded with India. They built the Great Wall of China, thereby protecting themselves from enemy attacks. To this day, we will encounter traces of the Chinese around the world, even through the plants and animals they brought and left behind forever. From the plant world, the Chinese expanded the cultivation of sweet potatoes, sugarcane, bamboo, palm trees, bananas, ginger, coffee, breadfruit, and hibiscus, which are now grown in Hawaii, India, Asia, America, and Africa, starting before the arrival of Europeans. Europeans found tomatoes from Central and North America on Lake Titicaca. Magellan brought corn from Central America to Europe. Chinese roses are grown in California, and Chinese chickens are raised in South America. Chinese ships also carried plants, which they planted wherever they stayed, as well as animals that they raised there. Rice is the main staple food of the Chinese. Rice is otherwise the most adaptable plant in the world. The Chinese cultivated varieties of rice that thrive at high altitudes in mountainous areas, as well as at different temperatures. Rice has a good yield, is easy to store, and is a good staple food. At one time, China was the most developed agricultural country. In China, there is a saying for a person who loses his job, "May he break his rice bowl." During the Ming Dynasty, China exported rice to the Pacific Ocean. Rice was also found in a sunken ship in Sacramento. Corn proved to be an ideal grain for growing in the mountainous regions of China. It had a deep root system and good yields, which kept it from flooding. China was also a leading exporter of silk and cotton. The Chinese brought cotton from India and then successfully developed it at home. They also developed the cultivation of coconuts, which are also widely grown in India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and the Caribbean. Bananas originate from Southeast Asia, and are also grown in Hawaii, Africa, and the tropical regions of America.

Chinese fleets visited all continents of the world. They visited 62 archipelagos, with over 17,000 islands, and sailed tens of thousands of miles. Admiral Zeng He recorded that he had been to three thousand countries (large and small). They sailed across the Indian Ocean, to East Africa, around the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Verde, through the Caribbean Sea to North America and the Arctic, as well as to Antarctica, Australia, New Zealand, and across the Pacific. And only in Antarctica did ships have to sail against the winds and sea currents. Immediately before the great voyage (1421-1423), Zhu Dieu conquered Southeast Asia, including Manchuria, Korea, and Japan. They created their colonies along the Pacific coasts of North and South America, from California to Peru. They settled Australia and New Zealand, as well as East Africa. They traded silk and porcelain everywhere. Chinese fleets sailed all the coasts of the world and drew maps of all countries and calculated in advance the solar and lunar eclipses. Only about half of the ships of Hong Bao and Zhou Man returned to China unsinkable. The number of human casualties was also high, over 9,000 in Zhou Man alone. It is believed that ¾ of the fleet died or remained on foreign shores. After all, based on historical truths, the city of New York could be called the "New Beijing". These famous Chinese sailors sailed around the Cape of Good Hope sixty-six years before Dias, passed through the Strait of Magellan ninety-eight years before Magellan, discovered Australia three centuries before Captain Cook, Antarctica and the Arctic four centuries before Europeans, and America seventy years before Columbus. The giants of these discoveries: Zeng He; Hong Bao; Zhou Men; Zhou Wen and Yang Qing deserve recognition because they were the first and bravest of all. These sailors deserve to have their names inscribed on all the world's pedestals of the most famous sailors of human civilization. They discovered the New World. All those who sailed after them, no matter what discoveries they made, sailed in their paths.

And finally, all the above claims are supported by the latest news in the Ottawa Citizen, from November 1, 2011, that a simplified coin, 340 years old, from the reign of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi, who ruled China from 1662 to 1722, was dug up in Yukon.

Ottawa, November 2017

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